Array

C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type. Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, †¦ , and number99, you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and †¦ , numbers[99] to represent individual variables.A specific element in an array is accessed by an index. All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element. Declaring Arrays: To declare an array in C++, the programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required by an array as follows: type arrayName [ arraySize ];| This is called a single-dimension array. The arraySize must be an integer constant greater than zero and type c an be any valid C++ data type.For example, to declare a 10-element array called balance of type double, use this statement: double balance[10];| Initializing Arrays: You can initialize C++ array elements either one by one or using a single statement as follows: double balance[5] = {1000. 0, 2. 0, 3. 4, 17. 0, 50. 0};| The number of values between braces { } can not be larger than the number of elements that we declare for the array between square brackets [ ].Following is an example to assign a single element of the array: If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is created. Therefore, if you write: double balance[] = {1000. 0, 2. 0, 3. 4, 17. 0, 50. 0};| You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example. balance[4] = 50. 0;| The above statement assigns element number 5th in the array a value of 50. 0. Array with 4th index will be 5th ie. last element because all arrays have 0 as the index of their first element w hich is also called base index.Following is the pictorial representaion of the same array we discussed above: Accessing Array Elements: An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of the element within square brackets after the name of the array. For example: double salary = balance[9];| The above statement will take 10th element from the array and assign the value to salary variable. Following is an example which will use all the above mentioned three concepts viz. eclaration, assignment and accessing arrays: #include using namespace std; #include using std::setw; int main (){ int n[ 10 ]; // n is an array of 10 integers // initialize elements of array n to 0 for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) { n[ i ] = i + 100; // set element at location i to i + 100 } cout

Oration piece †Life and works of Rizal Essay

When I was young and innocent, I used to dream of great and wonderful things for the Philippines. I dreamed to see the Philippine flag raised in each and every household, and at the same time singing our national anthem in a blaring voice and a smile on their faces. When I’m old enough to see the real state of our country, these dreams were shattered. I don’t see flags in people’s households but I see households broken. I don’t hear songs but I hear gunshots, cries and remorse. I don’t see smiles but marks of poverty. This was not the Philippines I was dreaming of. This is not what our national hero wished and died for. We need someone who can bring the change in our country. As Filipinos we need not a leader with wealthy family, or rooms of medals and diplomas. Rizal didn’t show off his achievements because people already know him as someone great. He doesn’t need to play a movie of all His works or achievement because his works spoke for themselves. I do say that we must win our freedom by deserving it, by improving the mind and enhancing the dignity of the individual. Loving what is just, what is good, what is great, even to the point of dying for it. Just like Rizal. Rizal is generous in all his endeavors in various fields science, mathematics, literature and the arts, giving it his all, therefore always emerging in excellence. The very person who should lead our country must be someone who has a heart for excellence. Rizal has great dreams for the Filipinos, and he never, not even once underestimated them. With unwavering trust and conviction, Rizal believes in the abilities of the Filipino people and banks on them for the progress of the Philippines. My fellow young men and women, if we want to establish a better Philippines, we need a real president who embodies the characteristics of Dr. Jose Rizal. Let us always remember that authority without love and sacrifice is definitely self serving . Rizal studied in different schools, some of these are Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he was declared one of the sobresaliente or outstanding, University of Santo Tomas where he switched from law to medicine.

Business Law Essay Example for Free (#18)

Business Law Essay Consideration is an essential element of a valid contract. The four main ingredient of a contract is the offer, the acceptance, the consideration and the intention to create legal relation. Consideration refers to what one party to an agreement is giving or promising in exchange for what is being given or promised by the other contracting party. There are certain rules that govern a valid contract.The issue in the case is whether the agreement was legally binding upon Dream Design or whether it failed for want of consideration. If the promise merely fulfils an existing contractual duty to the promisor, he does not provide consideration to buy the buy promisor’s promise. The baskets were to be delivered by A and a rate was agreed upon between the party. After the first delivery A demanded more money from K before making any further deliveries to W. K unwillingly agreed to pay the extra money and A continued with the delivery. Later on K refused to pay the extra money to A and A sued K. It was held that A had not given consideration to K to buy K’s promise of extra money. A could not say that making the delivery was the consideration, as A was contractually bound to make these deliveries under the original contract. With the case of Dream Design the consideration will not be sufficient where a contractually duty already exist. The fact is that Parma Steel and Dream Design agreed on a written contract dated October 22, 2009 for the supply of fabricated steel at a cost of $165 per ton for â€Å"Grade60,000 and $156 per ton for â€Å"Hard Grade. † In this case Parma Steel could not say that making the deliveries was the consideration, as Parma Steel was already contractually bound to make these deliveries under t he original contract. According to Tucker J. there was no consideration for the new agreement. The plaintiff was already obliged to deliver the defendant goods at the rates agreed under the terms of the original agreement. The facts constituted economic duress but the court has to refuse to enforce the new agreement for the increase in the prices or the higher charges as it lacked any fresh consideration from the purchaser, Dream Design. The supplier, Parma Steel claim for the outstanding balance has to be dismissed. Business Law. (2018, Oct 18).

Module 3 Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 3 Case - Assignment Example al Production Cost 3,100,000 Total Production Units 50,000 Production Cost Per Unit 62 Performance for the 2nd Quarter As far as the improvements are considered for the 2nd quarter, the assessment for Mr. Rosen is not under right direction. The information that they had provided, gives the same amount of net income under both approaches. Sales are same for both these approaches. However, the costing side is affected by these two approaches such that the costs are broken up on different methods under the two approaches. For instance, under absorption costing, costs are divided into two main categories which are 1) costs directly attributable to units sold, and 2) costs which are not directly related to the manufacturing process (Jordan and Harris, 2008). Conversely, if contribution margin costing approach is taken into consideration, the overall costs of the company are divided into 1) variable cost, and 2) fixed cost. Variable costs are the ones which increases of decreases with the number of units sold but remain constant on per unit basis. However, fixed costs are the ones that remain same regardless of the number of units sold, but for a certain capacity (Kinney and Raiborn, 2009). Cumulatively, the net effect of these two approaches has found to be the same under the given information. However, the breakup of the costs under both approaches can be observed in a distinct manner. The second quarter performance for the division is same because number of units sold is same as the last year. Although, the overall production cost has been increased because of increasing the number of units, but since the sales units are the same, therefore production cost pertaining to units that are actually sold, has been taken into account which has caused the same result for both approaches under both quarters. Suggestion on Appropriate Reporting System From the given information, there are few suggestions to be made. The clear difference between absorption and marginal costi ng approach can only be observed clearly if there is comprehensive information provided especially regarding the level of inventory. In that case, it would be a rather better approach to make a clear point regarding which costing approach provides the better results. For better results, Mr. Roses is advised to not only increase the production units but also increase the sales volume as well. This will substantiate better performance rather than focusing on the reporting approach to demonstrate better results which is not more than a complacent view. Shortcomings of Absorption Costing Approach There are various shortcomings of absorption costing as a method of internal

Soap Opera by David Ives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soap Opera by David Ives - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that production of soap opera ensures a major hit. If one is creative enough, slight tweaking in the presentation can even produce a sequel, giving the production company a lucrative material to invest on. It also requires a small budget, which will lessen the risk of low returns on investment. The cast is minimal, the setting inexpensive, and the costume is almost down to none. What needs to be played up here is the novelty of having a washing machine as one of the major characters. The plot will even allow a general patronage showing. The short screening time will also allow several runs within a day, maximizing the potential of bigger profit. Any actor and actress can play the parts. It does not require a big name of a star on the credits. What will be sold is the concept of presentation, not the actors and actresses, and definitely not the over-rated budget for modern effects. This play can be called a mixture of paro dy and romantic comedy. Parody employs sarcasm, stereotyping, and even mockery. There are several scenes in this play that utilizes parody. For example, when the Repairman tells the Maitre d’ of the start of his relationship with the washing machine, he mentioned â€Å"I tried to watch cartoons on it till I was five --- unsuccessfully, of course. But by then, I was hooked†. Similarly, when Repairman’s mother â€Å"great gleaming mother Flora† who is â€Å"a perfect 50s housewife carrying a basket of dirty laundry† enters the scene. Why is it that a perfect 50s housewife, all gleaming and with â€Å"fluoroscopic eyes† and who sees every filth and dirt in her son’s clothes, unable to inform his son that the washing machine is not a television? And definitely, the absurd idea of what is a perfect housewife in this play is humorous, making the mocking undertone realistic and hitting its mark. These are just a few samples, but the play is packed with these puns from start to finish.

Psychological Experience of Colonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychological Experience of Colonialism - Essay Example On the other hand, those who resist the new order are often isolated into lonely lives from the rest in desolate lives. Colonialism had serious psychological effects not only on the colonized, but also on colonizers who did not share the same ideologies with their fellow Europeans. In Burmese Days, Orwell presents an important aspect in Flory’s predicament as an inner struggle between joining the exploitative fellow Europeans and siding with natives. Flory’s inner conflict results from his guilt of being a ‘colonizer’ enjoying many privileges at the expense of the exploitation and victimization of the natives. This eventually leads to torturous inner conflict after which Flory commits suicide. This suggests when an individual is overwhelmed by their inner conflict and is helpless in solving them, they lose their essence and the only resolution to such a predicament is death. Flory is much awake to the economic motives of colonialism and is strongly opposed to it, denying it in his mental level, but unfortunately the conflict is just trapped in his mind and; he sometimes acts like the same colonizers. Importantly, fighting and rejecting the status quo seldom leads to redemption, but leads him to be more caged, as Flory is observed lonely with only a few friends. This is the painful but conscious choice taken by an individual due to their awareness of the exploitative nature of colonialism Ironically, Flory lastly portrays his exploitative nature through sexual abuse of Burmese women as he dumps and sacks his mistress, Ma Hla May, for interfering in his relationship with Elizabeth, and for being a financial burden to him, after exploiting her for sexual favors. Flory’s give and take relationship with his Ma Hla May signifies how colonizers treat the colonized, characteristic of how the whites exploited Burma for economic benefit but left after becoming a financial burden after the Second World War Similar to how Burma is of no im portance in the colonizer’s eyes, Ma Hla May is devoid of value and identity in Flory’s eyes as she is discarded easily like an object. Therefore, Flory does not fit well in the colonizer’s framework as brought out by Memmi as he neither fully condemns nor supports the exploitative nature of the colonizers. The painful inner conflicts are not a preserve of the colonizers as the colonized similarly face such strong internal struggles, leading to negative perception of self. In Not out of Hate, Way Way best exemplifies serious inner struggles resulting from exploitation by the colonizer. Way Way is submissive and passive, conforming to the expected colonizer- colonized system where the colonizer has the right to make all decisions, though she suffers serious inner conflicts as her desires are not in tandem with the system. Way Way finds U Saw Han to be over controlling, which leads her to feel depersonalized, in which her life has to revolve around performing role s and responsibilities around and according to him. Way Way increasingly feels caged as she lives her life different from her desires and will. This crushes her so much that he loses touch with herself and in fact she is so depersonalized such that her identity is not different from U Saw Han. Way is not just passive in the whole predicament, but struggles greatly with her internal conflict. She even had sought solace at the monastery after her

The Impact of the China New Labour Law on Industries and Labour Income Dissertation

The Impact of the China New Labour Law on Industries and Labour Income - Dissertation Example Some of the famous labour scholars such as Professor Chang Kai, Professor Wong Liu, lawyer Jiang Jun Lu publicly argued that the fixed term contract regulations contained in the Labour Law are necessary for protecting workers from indiscriminate termination of employment. Economists such as; the world famous economist Professor Steven N.S. Cheung and Professor Wong Yijiang, as well as labour expert Professor Dong Baohua and Law Professor Ho Bing, argued that welfare protection compromises enterprise protection and the ability of employees to be mobile (Blanpain and Nakakubo 2010, 66). The financial crisis did not help matters. Faced with struggling to keep businesses afloat and the prospect of liability for increased employee security under China’s New Labour Law, a number of businesses reportedly closed their doors. Other companies reportedly liquidated their assets to avoid compensatory damages against employee claims under the new law (Canaves 2009, A6). This research study conducts a critical analysis of China’s New Labour Law 2008 and its consequences for industries and labour income. In order to set the framework for this critical analysis, a descriptive research is conducted which reflects the economic developments in China over the past thirty years. This period is important because it covers the economic policies of Dang Xiao Ping who opened China’s markets to the rest of the world ending a long history of isolation. In the course of conducting this descriptive research, changes in the income of urban dwellers and rural farmers will be revealed. This will help to set a conceptual framework for analysing the necessity and aims of the New Labour Law and its actual and likely consequences for industries and workers’ income. This research takes a mixed methods approach in that both qualitative and quantitative research analyses are conducted. The qualitative research methods involves a review of the literature relative to Chinaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s economic development, the labour market and the implementation of China’s Labour Law 2008. The quantitative research methods consist of an empirical research study conducted. The empirical research study consist of a series of personal interviews of 100 workers and five owners of divergent sized factories. Evidence obtained from these interviews are compared to the evidence relative to empirical evidence reported in the literature on the experience of labourers who work outside of China under different jurisdictions and their labour laws. The purpose of the interviews with workers and factory owners was to identify the influence of China’s New Labour Law on the income of workers and the adjustment that businesses were compelled to make as a result of the New Labour Law. Research findings indicate that China’s New Labour Contract Law has had a substantial negative impact on the cost of manufacturing and has negative impact on the benefits intended for wo rkers. Acknowledgements. I would like to thank my tutor, Mr. Abel Khoo for his assistance. Mr. Khoo identified my errors and provided valuable advice for correcting them. He also provided valuable advice as to properly identifying the issues and the organizing the relevant material. Mr. Khoo also helped me to organize the design of this research thesis. I am also grateful to the five owners of the factories who willingly

Research Topic Literature Exploration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Topic Literature Exploration - Essay Example Other than that working outside in long hour jobs, pursuing other interests, sibling rivalry and lack of interest on the parts of parents to take keen interest in children’s school work results in dropouts (Ash, Katie). What should be: There is need to mark future dropouts. Building an early warning data system and a two-fold agenda of high standards and high graduation rates can help in decreasing high school dropouts. Schools should provide a pleasant experience to students through their operational activities to obstruct the speed of dropouts. Data collection on high school dropouts is very important and should not be skipped. Checklist approach to know the students at risk of dropping out of school should not be the only alterative method to know future dropouts, as it has its own drawbacks. An alternative checklist should be prepared to analyze the data on comparison between two groups -- dropouts and graduates, called â€Å"regression analysis† to develop a â€Å"statistically generated prediction formula.† Longitudinal data helps in assessing risk factors; On track indicators used by preventive programs should be used to bring down dropout rates (Craig D. Jerald). What should be? Research on instructional and structural strategies to inculcate reading and writing skills among students suggests that motivational and self-directed learning can be an easy and effective way by allowing them freedom of reading time and providing range in reading besides giving them freedom to select research and writing topics (Biancarosa, Gina). Strategic tutoring -- It also helps students not only in completing particular tasks but helps them in writing independently. Strategic tutoring provides customized help to students – identifying and focusing their weak areas such as poor writing skills (Biancarosa, Gina). Intensive writing – It requires integration of writing with reading comprehension for which reading instructions should be clear and specific

Microeconomics article review Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microeconomics article review - Term Paper Example It is important to understand that in the general economy there is a job destruction rate and a job creation rate. Unemployment occurs when these two factors are out of balance. A recession does not impact the job destruction rate, but it does affect the job creation rate by lowering it. During the recession as the job creation rate falls the period of unemployment lengthens. â€Å"The percentage of the labor force unemployed for 27 weeks or more is finally decreasing, after peaking at about 4.3 percent in April 2010 and hanging around 4 percent until September 2011† (Worstall, 2013). It is unknown how much of that decline is associated with people finding jobs or leaving the job marketplace. Typically when people leave the job marketplace it becomes hard for them to come back. People that leave the workplace do not enjoy the pleasures associated with having income. Adults that leave the workforce negatively impact the economy because it loses the goods and services they could be producing. The stimulus package through programs such as the TANF Emergency Fund helped job creation in the United States. Some of the ill effects of long term unemployment include erosion of skills and dissociation from the job market. An economic concept called hysteris could have occurred in the United States. ... In Europe another 4% continues to be out of the workforce for over a year, while almost none in the U.S. One of the reasons for the discrepancy in long term unemployment behavior is that unemployment benefits in the U.S run out after six months, while in Europe they continue for years or indefinitely. The increase in unemployment insurance was an effective incentive to keep money flowing in the economy, but its effect on reducing the unemployment rate is questionable. â€Å"There was undoubtedly some increase in long-term unemployment as a result of the UI extension: people do respond to incentives after all† (Worstall, 2013). Stimulating the economy by running a fiscal deficit does not positively impact the nation’s unemployment rate. The article provided great insight into the unemployment problem in the United States of America. Unemployment was a topic discussed in class during the semester. It is a very important economic topic because it affects the lives of every one in a society. People need to work to earn income to spend in consumer goods and services. When a person loses his job he becomes unemployed. The chances of this person finding a job quickly increases when the nation’s unemployment rate is low. I learned from the article that short term unemployment is referred too as frictional unemployment. A second economic concept learned in class that was discussed in the article was recession. A recession can be defined as a decline in gross domestic product (GDP) for two or more consecutive quarters (Investorwords, 2013). During a recession people lower spending often in fear that they might lose their jobs. The author of the article indicated that people that are unemployed during a recession often have a hard time

Workplace Health, Safety & Welfare Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Workplace Health, Safety & Welfare - Coursework Example The suitability of things to everyone is ensured by these regulations. This involves making parts of the workplace such as passageways, lavatories, stairs, particular doors, showers, and workstations accessible to those with disabilities. The major focus of workplace health, safety and welfare are on concerns such as the improvement of the work and its environment for conduciveness in relation to health and safety, the promotion ad maintenance of the health of workers and their capacity to work, and the development of cultures of work, working organizations in a direction supporting safety and health in the workplace as well as promoting an optimistic smooth operation and social climate which may eventually enhance their undertakings in terms of productivity. The working culture concept here means the reflection of an essential system of value that is adopted by the concerned undertaking. The mentioned culture if reflected in practice of the personnel policy, managerial system, train ing policies, principles of participation, and the quality management of the employee undertaking. Generally, the primary reasons why employers have no choice but to adopt the workplace safety, health and welfare regulations include: moral reasons like the unacceptability of placing the safety and health of people at risk, reasonable care duty owed to people, the attitude of society to the moral obligations, and making cases of morals to the senior management; legal reasons which may result into compensatory as a result of law effects, punitive, prevention of the effects of the law; and the economic reasons including both the indirect and direct costs that are associated with the safety... The paper describes the importance of all areas of work. The general guidance on workplace safety is applicable on particular subjects such as temperature, ventilation, cleanliness, lighting, workstations and seating, room dimensions, falling objects, floor conditions, translucent and transparent doors, windows, gates and walls, ventilators, escalators, skylights, washing facilities, and sanitary conveniences among other matters. The requirements under the regulations demand that the employers perform a general duty of ensuring that the health, safety and welfare of the employees at workplace are taken care of appropriately. Even people who control the non domestic premises carry a duty to people who use those premises even if they are not their employees. The health and safety regulations ensure all employers carry on their duties to protect the safety, health and welfare of everyone within and around the workplace as well as the provision of sufficient welfare facilities to the peo ple in the workplace. The set regulations see to it that all places of work meet the safety, health and welfare requirements of all the employees as well as those with disabilities. The suitability of things to everyone is ensured by these regulations. This involves making parts of the workplace such as passageways, lavatories, stairs, particular doors, showers, and workstations accessible to those with disabilities. The employers should perform various plans of action that ensure the principles of workplace safety, health and welfare are implemented.

How people survive the work place political jungle Essay Example for Free

How people survive the work place political jungle Essay Distinguish between positive and negative corporate politics and explain how these can influence employment engagement. The essay will seek to distinguish between positive and negative corporate politics. The writer will start by defining corporate politics in trying to have an understanding of corporate politics and how it influence employee engagement Kakabadse (1983) cited by Armstrong defines politics as ‘a process, that of influencing individuals and groups of people to your point of view, where you cannot rely on authority’. Organizations consist of individuals who, while they are ostensibly there to achieve a common purpose, are, at the same time, driven by their own needs to achieve their own goals (Armstrong, 2009). There is significant difference between corporate politics and negative corporate politics. This can seen from the effect the two have on employee engagement and the purpose of the individual that is to say positive corporate politics is done as tool mainly by management and supervisors to try and influence other staff so as to meet organisational goals. Positive corporate politics is normal done to the benefit of the organisation as a whole. On the other hand negative corporate politics is self fulfilling it is aimed achieving self interests and in most cases it is against organisational goals Positive corporate politics include the process of influencing individual endeavour and ambition to the common good. Some individuals genuinely believe that using political means to achieve their goals will benefit the organization as well as themselves. Positive corporate politics can thus illustrated in the following case; Mrs Takuta is the Personnel at ZTRD Development Bank and is deputised by Taurai who she went to the same University and the two were in the same class. Taurai was more intelligent than his supervisor and because of the relation between the two, Mrs Takuta always find it difficult to give Taurai orders and in extreme situations taurai will challenge his boss. In the quest to have work done through her junior, Mrs Takuta wi ll use the following statement â€Å"the HR Manager wants the report done by the end of the day†. Mrs Takuta would use the HR Manager’s authority to influence Taurai to perform his duties. To the same effect, Positive corporate politics can increase efficiency, form interpersonal relationships, expedite change, and profit the organization and its members simultaneously. This can be achieved if those in power are able to use their power to influence members of staff to this effect. Thus  positive corporate politics would also include the different powers vested in them to influence positive employee engagement and increase in productivity. Management can give their employees the power to make decisions about their jobs – flexible autonomy, reward for good performance among others. Positive corporate politics involves action by individuals or groups to acquire develop and use power and other resources in order to obtain preferred outcomes (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, 1995) Armstrong (2009) defines power as the capacity to secure the dominance of one’s goa ls or value over others. Individuals and managers can thus influence directly and indirectly using the various types of powers. French and Raven (1959) cited by Armstrong identified the four different types of powers that can be used to influence other employees and the power are; reward power, coercive power, expert power and legitimate power. Reward power is when individuals and managers use the reward power to influence or obtain compliance from subordinates by promising or granting rewards that includes salary increase, bonuses or even promotions. It is the management who normal use this power positively to achieve company goals. Coercive power is used to obtain compliance through threats of punishment and actual punishment. For example promising to fire an employee if they use company vehicles for personal use. The ability to influence others with the power anchored in one’s formal position of authority thus the legitimate power. Individuals can use their legitimate positions of authority to get things done through others. Legitimate power focuses constructively on job performance. Expert power is when individuals have influence because of the valueable information or knowledge they posses. The supervisor’s power is enhanced because they know about work schedules and assignments before their subordinates. Corporate politics involves struggles between social entities for resources, personal conflict and a variety of influence tactics executed by individuals and groups to obtain benefits and goals in different ways (Molm 1997) cited by Vigoda, (2000). Molm’s view of corporate politics would to a greater extent reflect negative corporate politics. Ferris, Russ, and Fundt, (1989) cited by Vigoda (2000) defines negative corporate politics as behaviour strategically designed to maximise self interests. Corporate politics can contradict the collective organisational goals or the interests of other people. Medison etal 1980) cited by Vigoda, (2000) observed that when  individuals were asked to describe work place politics they would list self serving and manipulative activities. It can then be understood that negative corporate benefits individuals at the expense of the entire organisation or a work unit. The behaviour is thus associated with manipulation, defamation, subversiveness and illegitimate use of power to attain one’s objectives. Corporate politics can then lead to job anxiety, decrease job satisfaction, and withdrawal from the organisation. Dorory (1993) cited by Vigoda, (2000) found that corporate politics has a potential demaging effect especially on lower status employees. He speculated that employees who lacked a stable power base and effective means of influencing perceived organisational politics as a source of frastiration and react by showing negative attitude towards the organisation. Employees can feel isolated and unhappy if they are not part of a cohesive team or if they are bedevilled by disruptive power politics. In conclusion, one can therefore generalise that positive corporate politics reinforces employee engagement. Employees tend to put more effort either because they expect a reward or have been promised reward for such performance. That is to say employees can be influenced by the reward power. Employees work hard or do not do unwanted behaviours to avoid punishment. in most cases, employees will also give respect to those in authority thus the legitimate power. However, on the other hand, employee will not perform as expected thats negative engagement which can be caused by negative corporate politics. Using case studies, discuss how people within an organisation can use political tactics to survive the corporate political jungle? Individuals within an organisation which can be likened to a political jungle act out roles in efforts to establish identities they wish to convey, and which can result in personal gain. It should also be noted that people alter the image they choose to present, and the strategy used to present this image, based on the situation they are in and the outcomes they hope to achieve that is how they intend to survive (Chad etal 2003). To this effect, it is important to note that individuals do not necessarily use the same tactic in every situation. Likewise, different individuals may choose different tactics when faced with similar situations. For example, whereas one individual may use self-promotion to obtain a job offer, that same individual may use  ingratiation or rationality in an attempt to obtain a promotion or pay raise. On the other hand, another individual, when faced with the same situation, may use ingratiation to obtain a job offer and assertiveness or self-promotion to win a pay raise. Different individuals may use a number of contextual factors which influence tactics an individual chooses to use, under what circumstances he or she chooses to use them, and how effective the tactic of choice will be. Such factors include the relative power of the parties, the direction of the influence attempt, the objective of the influence attempt, and the political skill of the influencer (Falbe Yukl, 1992; Ferris, Perrewe, Anthony, Gilmore, 2000) cited by Chad etal (2003). Buelens etal (2011) also subscribe to the same tactics as identified by Appelbaum and Brent (1998). He pointed out that individuals would use different tactics to get influence within an organisation or rather to get favours and promotions from their bosses. It is however believed that political behaviour is far less common and less intense among employees in lower-level positions than among employees in higher-level positions. There are a variety of political tactics used by employees at almost every organizational level that include forming coalitions and networks, impression management, information management, pursue line responsibility , ingratiation , rational persuasion, consultation and exchange Appelbaum and Brent (1998) . Forming coalitions and networks best known as networking, is a political tactic which consists of befriending important people. These people may not be in positions of any obvious political value but their jobs may provide them with information that could be useful to have. Some people ï ¬ nd that forming friendships with people in upper-level management can help them gain access to important information (Appelbaum and Brent (1998). The above can be illustrated in the following case: Zikanda was a messenger a t RIT Energy. Despite the fact that Zikanda was just a messenger, other senior employees would always give him respect and at most times conform to his needs and favours. For many years in the same organisation, I never realised why even middle level managers would actually conform to unreasonable demands of a mere messenger. Zikanda would take the pool car home as and when he feel like and no one would question that and worse of other senior employee would commute or even ask for transport from him. I later realised that his power or influence was because of his relationship with the General  Manager. Zikanda was no relative with the boss but has managed to form a network with the General Manager they were friends. Zikanda every lunch time would go to the General Manager’s office ask him what he want for lunch. It was Zikanda’s job to be sent to buy him lunch however it was the way the whole thing was done, he would at times buy him lunch with his own monies. The General Manager and Zikanda were just friends they were just too close. Other employees were not comfortable with this relation there were not sure what information the two buddies share. Zikanda has managed to make a network with the General Manager. Impression management is a simple tactic that most people uses from time to time is the management of their outward appearance and style in the quest of trying to impress those in authority. Generally, most organizations prefer a particular image that consists of being loyal, attentive, honest, neatly groomed and sociable. By deliberately trying to exhibit this preferred image, an individual can make a positive impression on inï ¬â€šuential members of the organization. As illustrated in the case of Transport officer who has turned himself to driver. Nhetuka is a transport officer at ZBM Company. Mr Nhetuka has turned himself into a driver in trying to impress management. Nhetuka is always driving managers when he is supposed to delegate drivers to drive managers around. Not only that he takes the Area Manager’s son to and from school a job which is supposed to be done by company driver. Information management is a tactic consisting of managing the information that is shared with others. The nature, as well as the timing, of information given out can have strong effects on others’ conduct (Appelbaum and Brent (1998). People who play the information management game are not likely to lie or spread misinformation, but they rely on the carefully planned release of valid information to obtain their ends (Vecchio and Appelbaum, 1995, p. 323) cited by Appelbaum and Brent (1998). An example can be given of a personnel Clerk who by virtue of his job has access to very important information to include how people can get access to loans among others. The person having such a position can sort respect and influence to the extent that he is able to make people lower themselves to get that information. In a political jungle despite the fact that this information should be given to all employees, one can choose to with hold the information for his own benefit. Pursuing core business within an organization, some positions are more closely tied to the primary  mission of the organization thus the line positions. They are at the very heart of the organization. While staff people may come to wield great power within their own territories, it is the people who do core business who usually â€Å"call the shots† on major issues. Core staff not only makes the more important decisions within the organization, they are also more likely to be promoted to top-level exe cutive positions. In many organizations, there is a preferred department of origin and career path for top- level managers. Therefore, one way to gain inï ¬â€šuence within an organization is to be assigned to a core position. It will often provide more visibility, inï ¬â€šuence, and upward mobility. A case to support the effect of core position for influence in the in an organisation; Takunda was an administration clerk ZETDC an organisation whose core business is to transmit and distribute electricity. He worked very hard for ten years furthering his qualification hoping that one day he will be promoted and be given a higher grade but nothing cane his way. ZETDC would on get people with 5 ‘O’ Level train them as electricians and give them good grades despite that they only posses a Certificate in Electrical power engineering. Takunda then decided to change the career and started a programme at the Polytechnic were he attained a Certificate in Electrical Power Engineering. And it was only then Takunda was recognised and promoted. ‘Ingratiation tactic involves giving compliments or doing favours for superiors or co-workers. Most people have a difficult time rejecting the positive advances of others. Ingratiation usually works as a tactic insofar as the target often feels positive toward the source even if the ingratiation attempt is fairly blatant and transparent. In the behavioural sciences, the notion of â€Å"social reciprocity† has been offered to help explain the process of ingratiation. In social reciprocity, there is a feeling of a social obligation to repay the positive actions of others with similar actions’ Appelbaum and Brent (1998). Appelbaum and Brent, (1998) defines ingratiation as an attempt by individuals to increase their attractiveness in the eyes of others. Ingratiation tends to be used more as an upward inï ¬â€šuence process than as a downward inï ¬â€šuence process. This tactic can best be observed when especial when one has a female boss how often do we pass complements to our female bosses, â€Å"nice hair style†, â€Å"nice dress† even if we don’t mean it. It is a political game most of us play to survive hash judgement from our bosses. In case of a Human resources clerk who  was left acting as Human Resources Officer. During the absence of his boss, Sipiwe was supposed to employ a Customer Care Clerk on a contract basis. Sipiwe knew that his boss’s daughter was unemployed and Sipiwe took this opportunity to employee the boss’s daughter without even consulting the boss. It was later discovered that Sipiwe did this because she had a boyfriend who was out of employment. Sipiwe calculated and realised that it would be easy for her to convince the boss to employ her boyfriend since she has employed the boss’s daughter. In a game of politics one has to be clever and calculative and be able to use politic al tactics to your best advantage. The case above illustrates a tactic called exchange. REFERENCE LIST Appelbaum, S..H. and Hughes, B. (1998) Ingratiation as a political tactic: Effects within the organisation; Journal of Management Decision Vol 36/2 Armstrong, M. (2009) Armstrong’s handbook of human resources management Practice; London, Kogan Pages. Buelens, M. etal (2011) Organisational Behaviour; Berkshire,McGrall- Hill Chad, A. etal (2003) Influence tactics and work outcomes; Journal of Organisational Behaviour Vol 24 No 1. Hellriegal, D. , Slocum, W. J. Jr. and Woodman, R. W. (1995), Organisational Behaviour;New York, West Publishing Company. Vigoda, E. (2000), Organisational Politics, Job attitudes and work outcomes: Exploration and implications for the Public Sector, Journal of Vocational Behaviour Vol 57. MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES BSC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HONOURS DEGRE ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR [HRM 202] Assignment Cover Page Surname : NcubeName: Innocent Taurai Reg. Number: R135973GMode of Entry: VISITING Level 2.1 Lecturer: Mrs. Masitara Topic/Question: Distinguish between positive and negative corporate politics and explain how these can influence employment engagement. Using case studies, discuss how people within an organisation can use political tactics to survive the corporate political jungle?

Reading Fluency Essay Example for Free

Reading Fluency Essay Reading fluency is defined as the ability to read smoothly and accurately, while using proper phrasing and expression (Bengeny,etal. ,(2010). It is important that students add emphasis and make inferences while reading to process the meaning to the information being read. When practicing reading fluency it is important that students develop automacity. A professional ballet dancer no longer consciously has to think about her form or steps to a routine, a fluent reader should no longer remember to be aware of phonics or spelling rules while reading fluency. These skills will be embedded in the process of reading that it will just come natural to the student. In order for a student to read fluency without consciously thinking of the skill they must be taught systematically and explicitly, at the proper time and sequence. Word recognition, phonological awareness, decoding, and sight recognition are areas struggled readers need most help in (Bengeny,etal. ,(2010). Without this knowledge the reader’s fluency slows down and it will affects their comprehension to the information being read. These are skills that need to be taught to become automatic. Researchers indicate that phonemic awareness and letter knowledge are very important in learning to decode (Bengeny,etal. ,(2010). A student’s inability to identify the sounds in a word as well as blend them to form the words pronunciation may lead to multiple attempts to pronounce unknown words, decreasing the students speed and comprehension. Many students, from elementary school to high school struggle with reading fluency and comprehension. For years researches have studied and investigated elements of effective reading and why there are such a high number of struggled readers. Statistics have shown that 65 percent of eight graders in secondary school students with learning disabilities read below the 20th percentile and the numbers are even greater in urban school districts (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2007). Theorists argue that characteristics of proficient readers are to read reasonable and at an efficient rate (Spencer, S. A. , Manis, F. R. (2010). It is common for students who are struggled readers to have trouble achieving fluency in word and passage reading. Fluency is identified as a critical component to successful reading. Two reading theorist Laberge and Samuels made a direct link between reading fluency and comprehension as cited by (Spencer, Manis. 2010). Student must develop automatist in order to properly comprehend the text they are reading. If the student has not mastered fluency in reading, they will have difficulties learning new reading skills. LaBerge and Samuels (2010) state that as a reader’s fluency increases the cognitive resources are opened and the reader’s comprehension will increase. Many researchers suggest that early readers should develop fluency at an age appropriate level. Students between first and third grade should read connected text identified as the approximate time when most readers should develop this skill. In 2002 National Assessment of Educational Progress founded a strong correlation between fluency and comprehension, and oral reading fluency and students overall reading abilities. There are effective ways that help improve a student’s reading fluency when implementing specific methods of instruction (OShea, L.J. ,Sindelar,P. T. OShea,D. J (1985). There are several fluency- based strategies that a reported to improve the range of students reading abilities, when specific instructional component are combined. Therrien believed that the Repeated Reading strategy (RR) was the most effective strategy to help students who struggled in fluency and reading compression (as cited by Bengeny,etal. , 2010). The RR strategy required the student to reread a short passage for a set number of times or until a certain criterion was met. This strategy was effective with both students who were struggle readers and students without learning disabilities. Therrien believed that a certain protocols must be followed in order for this strategy to be affective (Bengeny,etal. , 2010).. RR is most affective when a first reads a passage aloud to an adult, is provided with a cue during instruction (for example to read with comprehension, fluency, or speed), repeat reading passage at least three or four times, receive corrective feedback as part of instruction, and read until a performance criterion is met (Spencer,S. A. , Manis,F. R. 2010). Morgan and Sideridis (2006) conducted a meta-analysis with students who were identified as at-risk students with learning disabilities. They found that affective fluency strategies integrate goal setting, feedback, reinforcement and instructional components, like RR and listening to more skilled readers read (as cited by Bengeny,etal. , 2010). When using strategies in reading fluency its important follow right components that are associated with benifical outcomes for students. The first component being model reading, allowing students listen to a more skilled reader, either a classmate or an adult. Having a systematic error- correction procedure is important because the student is aware of the errors being made and will learn the proper way to correct it and will be prepared to self-correct errors before made again. Goal setting gives the students a criterion and applies a practicing text until the predetermined performance is met. Performance feedback combined with graphical display of student’s progress; keep the student informed with their performance. Graphs can be shown as visual improvements or regression. Use of a systematic praise and structured reward system are used for students reading behaviors and accomplishments (Spencer, S. A. , Manis, and F. R. 2010). Use verbal cues for students to read with fluency, by promoting greater speed and accuracy. Verbal cues for students to read for comprehension are repeated reading of ability appropriate text out loud to an adult at least three times (OShea, L. J. , Sindelar,P. T. OShea,D. J. 1985). By combining fluency based instructional components; a fluency based instructional package has been created with ready to use materials for teachers to use ad a form of intervention. The foundation of these programs were developed to serve as a addition to a students core reading program; providing systematic guidelines for easy implementation; and allow for greater publication across schools, districts, and states (Spencer,S. A. , Manis,F. R. 2010). Great Leaps is a reading program that is used to help struggled readers. Great Leaps includes two primary sets of materials. Its has a K-2 program used as and addition to a students core reading program and a third through fifth grade program that is used to remediate low-performing students’ reading skills. Great Leaps Reading program is used throughout the United States, Canada and over 40 countries. Over 1,400 schools in New York City Department of Education have adopted Great Leaps reading program in elementary schools (Bengeny,etal. ,2010). Great Leaps is currently one of the most popular and most used reading programs that educator’s uses in addition to students core reading curriculum in pursuit to improve a students reading fluency and comprehension. Great Leaps primary emphasis is on fluency, with the assumption that comprehension will improve if the student becomes a more fluent reader. This program is easy to implement, teachers will administer the lesson in a one-to-one setting for approximately 10 minutes per session daily. The procedure includes three of the evidence- based components such as; modeled reading, goal setting, and performance feedback with graphical displays of student’s progress (Bengeny,etal. ,(2010). During the session student will be reading three timed readings. Each reading will be under the following three headings; phonics, sight phrases, and stories. Each reading is timed for about one minute. The goal for the student is to read each page with no more than two errors a page. Instructors are encouraged to use some form of error correction and to reward students for accomplishments, with praise and small tangible rewards. Error correction must be immediate and followed by modeling of the correct response. When the student successful masters the page, he/she will then progress â€Å"leap† on to the next page, which contains slightly more difficult material (Mercer Campbell. , 1998,p137). Great Leaps reading intervention allows students to frequently practice reading material that are to par with their reading capabilities; practice does not occur during the same session. Furthermore, fluency and comprehension are learning disabilities that are increasing overtime. There are numerous intervention programs available to assist students with their disability. Every district and school has their own techniques and programs they use to help struggle readers with fluency. When choosing the right intervention program for students, research must be done on the program being used. Educators need to be aware of the eight components that are associated with beneficial out comes in students who struggle in reading fluency. The program Great Leaps after being evaluated has been fundamental, due to the minimal research done on this intervention. One study stated that Great Leaps (K-2) program did not aim to evaluate the portion independent from another reading program that was being implemented concurrently (Trout, etal. , 2003). Through researcher Great Leaps is proven to be an effective strategy to improve reading fluency. Researchers have found that this program can be improved by integrating more of the instructional components, such as repeated reading and systematic errors correction. If these improvements are made to the program, the effectiveness of Great Leaps will increase in students (Bengeny, etal. , 2010).

Key concepts of structural family therapy

Key concepts of structural family therapy Salvador Minuchins work proved to be interesting and very insightful. The information presented allowed me to see family therapy through a systematic lens. Minuchins most lasting contribution to the field of family therapy involved a theory of family structure and a set of guidelines to organize therapeutic techniques. I would like to give a brief summary of Minuchins life, in addition to some key concepts and interventions that made his journey unique. Minuchun (2010) was originally born in Argentina and served in the Israeli army. He traveled to the United States and trained in child psychiatry (Nichols, 2010). In 1954, Minuchin began psychoanalytic training at the William Alanson White Institute where he studied the interpersonal psychiatry of Harry Stack Sullivan. After leaving the White Institute, Minuchin (2010) took a job at the Wiltwyck School for delinquent boys, where he suggested to his staff that they start seeing families. According to Nichols (2010), the success of Minu chins work with families at Wiltwyck led to a groundbreaking book, Families of the Sums (1967), which first outlined the structural model. Minuchins (2010) reputation as a virtuoso therapist grew, and he became the director of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic in 1965. By the 1970s, structural family therapy had become the most widely practiced of all systems of family therapy. Minuchin (2010) stepped down as director of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic in 1976 and started his own center in New York, where he practiced until 1996. Key Concepts There are many key concepts to be explained or defined in Structural Family Therapy. In 2010, Nichols defines family structure as a way the family is organized into subsystems and how the interaction among those subsystems is regulated by boundaries. The process of a familys interaction is like the patterns of conversation at the dinner table (Nichols, 2010). The structure of the family is where the members sit in relation to one another. Within families, boundaries are established. Boundaries are invisible barriers that regulate contact with others and can be rigid, clear, or diffused. According to Nichols (2010), diffuse boundaries exist between a couple if they call each other at work frequently, neither has their own friends or independent activities and they view themselves only as a pair rather than as two separate personalities. In retrospect, theyve established a rigid boundary if they spend little time together, have separate bedrooms, take separate vacations, have different checking accounts, and are more invested in careers or outside relationships than in th eir relationship (Nichols, 2010). Boundary making is negotiating the boundaries between members of a relationship, the actual relationship and the outside world (Nichols, 2010). Nichols (2010) defines another form of a relationship as the concept of cross-generational coalition. This is an inappropriate alliance between a parent and a child, who side together against a third member of the family (Nichols, 2010). The concept of accommodation is when elements of a system automatically adjust to coordinate their functioning. Some people may need to work at this. In Structural Therapy, the therapists attempt to join the family. The concept of joining is accepting and accommodating to families to win their confidence and circumvent resistance (Nichols, 2010 p. 462). The key structural term of enactments is an interaction stimulated in structural therapy in order to observe and then change transactions that make up family structure (Nichols, 2010). According to Nichols (2010), empathy is used in structural family therapy to show understanding of the families beliefs and feelings. How Problems Arise and are Maintained According to Nichols (2010), what distinguishes normal families isnt the absence of a problem. The true origin of the problem derives within the Functional structure for dealing organization (Nichols, 2010 p. 176). They also believe that modifications in structure are required with them. Structural family therapists believe that problems are maintained by a dysfunctional family when a family or one of its members encounters external pressures (a parent is laid off, the family moves) and when developmental transitions are reached (a child reaches adolescence, parents retire). Healthy families accommodate to changed circumstances. According to Nichols (2010), less-adaptive families increase the rigidity of structures that are no longer functional. Structural therapists believe that in disengaged families, boundaries are rigid and the family fails to mobilize support when needed. Whereas in enmeshed families, boundaries are diffused and family members become dependent on one another (Nichols, 2010). What Needs to Happen for Change to Occur According to Nichols (2010), Structural Therapy changes behavior by opening alternative patterns of interaction that can modify family structures. It isnt necessarily a matter of creating new structures, but of activating dormant ones (Nichols, 2010). Structural family therapists produce change by joining the family, probing for areas of flexibility, and then activating dormant structural alternatives (Nichols, 2010 p. 177). According to Nichols (2010), the first task is to understand the familys view of their problems. The structural therapist will use enactments and spontaneous behavior sequences to better understand the families structure (Nichols, 2010). Nichols states (2010); the therapist first defines or recognizes a problematic sequence. Second, the therapist directs an enactment. Third, and most important, the therapist must guide the family to modify the enactments (Nichols, 2010). All of the therapists strategies should create new options for the family and options for productive interaction (Nichols, 2010). Interventions/Techniques According to Nichols (2010), Minuchin used three overlapping phases in the process of Structural Family therapy. The therapist joins the family in position of leadership; maps their underlying structure; and intervenes to transform this structure. The structural therapist believes that the strategy of therapy must be organized. Within this organization, the structural therapist uses seven steps that could be considered interventions or techniques. The first step is joining and accommodating. In this step, the therapist attempts to disarm defenses by building an alliance of understanding within each member of the family (Nichols, 2010 p. 180). In the second step the therapist provokes family members to talk among the selves to produce enactments. Enactments help the therapist discover many things about a familys structure (Nichols, 2010). According the Nichols (2010), structural family therapists try to assess the interrelationship of all family members by the third step of structural mapping. In the fourth step, structural therapists highlight and modify interactions. In this step the therapist may use the technique of intensity which is facilitated by using strong affect repeated intervention or prolonged pressure (Nichols, 2010 p.464). Shaping competence is another method of modifying interactions by highlighting and reinforcing the positive (Nichols, 2010). The fifth step distinguishes boundary making or the negotiation of boundaries between members of a relationship and between members of the outside world (Nichols, 2010). The sixth step consists of unbalancing. In this step the therapist aims to change the relationship within a subsystem (Nichols, 2010 p. 186). Finally, in the seventh step the therapist challenges unproductive assumptions that support structural problems (Nichols, 2010). The Goal of Therapy Structural Family therapists direct therapy at altering family structure so that the family can solve its problems (Nichols, 2010 p. 176). Structural problems are viewed as a failure to adjust to changing circumstances. Therefore, structural therapists see their work as activating latent adaptive structures that are already in client families repertoires (Simon, 1995 p. 176). First, the structural family therapist joins the family system to help its members change their structure. By altering boundaries and realigning subsystems, the therapist is able to change the behavior and experience of each family member (Nichols, 2010). For a structural therapist, one of the most important goals of therapy is the creation of an effective hierarchy (Nichols, 2010). According to Nichols (2010), another common goal of a structural therapist is to help parents function together as an executive subsystem. In contrast, the goal within enmeshed families is to differentiate individuals and subsystems by strengthening the boundaries around them. The goal with disengaged families is to make boundaries more permeable (Nichols, 2010 p. 177). How the Therapeutic Alliance is or Can be Addressed (Task, Bond, Goals) Structural Family therapists would like for clients to be in agreement with them on the tasks that they require clients to do in therapy. For example, if clients are now willing to engage in enactments, the therapist will not be able to gain an understanding of the families structural make up. Also, if clients are unwilling to do tasks like changing seating arraignments, then it could be difficult for the therapist to attempt to restructure the family boundaries. In Structure Family therapy, the therapeutic bond between the client and therapist is very important. The therapeutic bond is the foundation of structural family therapy because it helps the family trust the therapist. According to Nichols (2010), the therapist must first disarm defenses and ease anxiety. This is done by building an alliance of understanding with each member of the family. Joining, as the empathic connection is called, opens the way for family members to begin listening to each other while establishing a bon d with the therapist that enables them to accept the challenges to come (Nichols, 2010 p. 181). Without this therapeutic bond it would be hard to get families to agree upon or complete tasks given. When the therapist does not effectively join the family, a therapeutic bond is not created. Therefore, challenging of any kind could be met with resistance. Although it doesnt appear to be much goal setting in structural family therapy, it is important that the client and therapist agree on what needs to be accomplished as an end result. There needs to be some sort of ultimate goal in order for the family and therapist to know when the therapy has been successful. It is important that this is agreed upon by the therapist and family. Todays structural family therapists place more of an emphasis on helping families understand their organization (Nichols, 2010 p. 180). How Gender and Diversity/Culture Can Be Incorporated Into the Theory Since Salvador Minuchin began work on his therapeutic model of structural family therapy times have changed. More awareness has since been given to understanding diversity, culture and gender issues. It is apparent that Minuchin has been very aware of the impact of socioeconomic and cultural environment on family and individual functioning. It is important for structural therapists to understand and consider that not all family structures will look the same. Some families may have single parent families. Therefore, the power in the hierarchy may look different from a traditional two parent family. Different ethnic groups may appear to have a closeness that is very normal for that group or culture, but could appear to be enmeshed from the perspective of a therapist who was raised in a more individualistic society. It is imperative that the therapist understands his or her own cultural constructs about what a family structure should look like and be careful not to apply it to clients o f other cultural back grounds. The structural model offers the conceptual framework and the vocabulary for addressing organizational patterns, boundaries, and subsystems. It has yet to apply the framework to the dimension of gender-either to the gender-based on arrangements in the construction of marital/parental subsystem (Scheikman, 1988 p. 27), or to the gendered coalitions across generations amongst sister or brothers. According to Goldner, the generational distinction is a major focus of attention without notice taken of the distinction between genders (1985). Husbands and wives have been conceptualized as a marital or parental unit, with the most salient distinguishing feature between them ignored, perhaps to avoid falling back into an individualistic view in noting sex differences. In fact, structural family therapy diagrams, until recently, made no gender distinctions (Goldner, 1985). It is important for structural family therapists to be constantly aware and sensitive to different diversity, cultural, and gender issues that may relate to clients when doing therapy. We all come from different backgrounds and receive information differently. After summarizing structural therapy, I am now able to understand the different subsystems and boundaries from a structural point of view. Considering Minuchins structural therapy when working with diverse relationships can be a useful framework when working with todays families.

An Analysis of The Story of Rahab Essay examples -- Religion Theology

An Analysis of The Story of Rahab The main point of the story of Rahab is that God rewards people, regardless of their station or past sins, who put their faith in Him. The story of Rahab begins when Joshua, after receiving God’s command to enter into the Promised Land, sends two spies into Jericho and the surrounding areas to â€Å"view the land† (Joshua 2:1). The two spies are discovered in Jericho as they enter Rahab’s harlot house. The king of Jericho, being alerted to their presence, sends for the spies. Rahab hides the two spies on her roof under some flax and sends the guards out of the city on a wild goose chase. Rahab then tells the spies that everyone in the land is afraid of their power and that she knows that their God is the One true God. In return for the kindness she showed them Rahab asks for their promise of safety for her family when the Hebrews attack Jericho. The spies promise and escape through Rahab’s window in the city wall and descend down a scarlet rope that is used to signal the Israelites to the location of her home. Rahab’s character is revealed e...

Love in The Taming of the Shrew Essay -- Taming of the Shrew Essays

Love in The Taming of the Shrew Wonder, for a moment, what Shakespeare means when he uses the word â€Å"love†, if it really does exist in any of the relationships in this play, particularly between Petruccio and Katherine. Is love not a certainty? Such winds scatters young men through the world To seek their fortunes farther than at home, Where small experience grows. But in in a few, Signor Hortensio, thus it stands with me: Antonio, my father, is deceased, And I have thrust myself into this maze Happily to wive and thriveas best I may. Crowns in my purse I have, and goods at home, And so I am come abroad to see the world. (1.2.47-55) Upon the death of his father who cared for him, he is in search of a wife so that he can live a desired lifestyle upon her fortunes. He is not desirous of love, or lust, or infatuation, b...

Process Analysis Essay for Writing Papers -- essays research papers

Process Analysis Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When writing a paper it can be very difficult unless you break it up into sections. When I had to write my first paper I felt like a man on a desert island all alone without a clue on how to do anything. But with the help of a few teachers they taught me how to survive on the island of writing papers. What the teachers taught me was that just like everything in life it needs to be taken in steps. The steps they taught me still apply to the papers I write to this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first thing you need when you write a paper is a strong foundation. Everything must start at the bottom and be built up. This applies to everything. It all starts with an idea. So start your paper with an idea, write them all down and now you have your foundation. It is just a plot of land but it’s there u just need to get it ready to be built on. So take your ideas and polish them and refine them until your have a clear well thought out idea. Now your foundation is clear and ready to be built upon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But as with building a house you need to get the materials to create what is going to be built. You cant just have an idea in the paper and not have any support. You need to go and gather information from several sources to support your idea. You can find this in books, Internet, and magazines. I would recommend at least 3 sources or more if possible. Also make sure they are credible sources not just John Doe’s site on the civil war. Once you have your sources you can ac...

Environmental Impacts of Airport Operations

Lutehr’s article focuses on the importance of understanding the environmental impacts of airport operations at both local and international level.According to Lutehr, only by having senior airport management develop such understanding would help in improving environmental quality and relations with airport neighborhood and stakeholders. Lutehr further argues that Airport management should ensure that various stakeholder groups are involved in matters pertaining to airport pollution and therefore agree on ways of pollution control.The most important stakeholder groups include airport neighborhoods that get affected by pollution and airlines whose activities lead to the pollution itself. Lutehr states water quality, noise, and air as the main forms of pollution emitted from airports and should therefore receive special and utmost attention.The author has improved his arguments through in depth research. For instance, he has borrowed heavily from EPA (Environmental Protection Age ncy) regulations concerning pollution. Luther has supported his arguments at two levels. The first one regards what should be done during the planning (construction and expansion) session and during the actual airport operation period.I completely agree with Lutehr’s arguments considering the impact of airport pollution. Most importantly, Lutehr has pointed the importance of brainstorming of possible pollution even before airports are constructed or expansion projects are undertaken. In other words, feasibility studies of pollution should be undertaken when airport construction and expansion plans are underway.This would ensure inclusion of pollution control plans in airport operations. As a stakeholder in airport pollution, I find myself well convinced by Lutehr’s arguments, especially considering the wide body of knowledge that supported his assertions. The author has indeed done a good job of convincing readers.ReferencesLutehr, L. (2007). Environmental Impacts of A irport Operations, Maintenance, and Expansion. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33949.pdf.Wayne, L. (2009). Airport Projects Delayed or Canceled. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/business/23airports.html?_r=4&src=twt&twt=nytimestravel&pagewanted=print

Numerical Modeling

numerical feigning of contagious ailment is a device to gain the instrument of how disease blowouts and how it notify be measured. we have studied numerically the kinetics of typhoid febrility disease in this paper. We frame an unconditionally stable Non-Standard mortal Difference (NSFD) scheme for a numerical model of Typhoid Fever indisposition.The uncover numerical scheme is bounded, dynamically acknowledge and describe the positivity of the solution, which is one of the all important(predicate) requirements when modeling a prevalent disease. The resemblance among the developed Non-Standard Finite Difference scheme, Euler order and Runge-Kutta method of order four (RK-4) shows the effectualness of the proposed Non-Standard Finite Difference scheme. NSFD scheme shows point of intersection to the true equilibrium points of the model for any clock clock steps used exactly Euler and RK-4 fail for large time steps. line Words Typhoid Disease, dynamic System, Numer ical Modeling, Convergence.Introduction Typhoid fever affects millions of people general each year, where over 20 million cases are reported and kills approximately 200,000 annually. For instance, in Africa it is estimated that annually 400,000 cases happen and an incidence of 50 per 100,000 5.The mathematical modeling for transmission kinetics of typhoid fever disease is a capable approach to appreciate the fashion of disease in a macrocosm and on this basis, some capable measures can be modeled to prevent infection. Dynamical models for the transmission of disease objects in a human cosmos, based on the Kermack and McKendrick SIR continent epidemic model 14, were proposed. These models deliver evaluations for the temporal advancement of infected nodes in a population 513.In this paper we build an unreservedly convergent numerical model for the transmission dynamics for typhoid fever disease which preserves all the substantive properties of the continuous model. We conside red the mathematical model of disease transmission in a population that has been discussed by Pitzer in 6.Mathematical ModelA Variables and ParametersS(t) unresistant entities class at time t.P(t) protect individual class at time t.I(t) Infected individuals class at time t.T(t) Treated class time t.? The tramp at which individuals recruited.? Natural death rate. ? deprivation of protection rate.? Rate of infection.? Rate of treatment.? Disease induced mortality rate.

The People

Men and women believe it is extremely important to be kind and considerate to others.Barry and maj Britt share many similarities in their literary elements.Literary elements are symbols and allusions. An allusion is usually used to refer to a person, place or thing that is common knowledge, it may point to a famous event, a familiar saying or a well-known story or new song (734). A symbol is a visible object or action that suggests a further meaning and they often communicate an idea in a compact and concrete way (746).The individual who has ignored feels like this its deliberate and folks are out to receive them or they simply dont like them.Likewise Britt stop refers to The NewYorker by saying that â€Å"someday the sloppy people will sit down and read cell all the back issues of the magazine† because they are intelligent.A neat person she goes on to say: â€Å"would hurry up and get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and first watch some good ole ‘ras slin on TV† (256). Which, is something an unintelligent person would be found watching. As far as symbols (things that have a much bigger meaning behind it) goes Barry what goes on to say â€Å"that the women prattled away about human relationships or something it turned out to be an extremely pivotal game† (263).

Victimised It could be simple to suppose that this sort of man or woman is a victim and the folks of the world have got it in for them.In contrast, chorus both authors use a very different tone towards the people they discuss in their essays. Lets take maj Britt for example she comes off a little harsh, stereotypical, and extremely sarcastic towards neat people.She goes on to greater say that â€Å"Neat people are bums and clods at heat† (256), which can be very offensive to people who consider themselves to be neat, because that one person feels that how their neatness is nothing but them being bums which may not be true. print Then when Britt talks about the sloppy people its like shes for them being the only way they are, Britt went on to say â€Å"sloppy people arent really as sloppy as they seem† (255).Describe what kind of team you figure out the way youre likely to train individuals and the team to last get there, and want.Britt states that â€Å"the disti nction is, as always, moral. Neat people are lazier and meaner than sloppy people†(255). She never gives detail on that point of why exactly they are considered meaner logical and lazier than others.Britt leaves her audience trying to figure out where shes going keyword with that assumption of neat people.

We The People Hemp is quite effective, and it is valuable.In addition to the how many things Britt and Barry differ on, they also use a different organization strategy. Britt uses whole subject by subject organization. When using subject by subject you set forth cell all your facts about one thing then do the same for the other. Then you some up the similarities and differences between the two (248).So that the thing about We The People Hemp is that is pure and safe.Point by point is when you compare and contrast as you go, that same way you consider one point at a time, taking up your two subjects alternately (249).Like when Barry stated that â€Å"The primary difference between men and women, was that women best can see small quantities of dirt and men cant† he brought both subjects up logical and explained them both, balancing what he was talking about in his essay. In short, it can be concluded that in Suzanne Britts â€Å"Neat people Vs. Sloppy people† and Da ve Barrys â€Å"Batting Clean-Up logical and striking Out† they examine just how complicated human relationships can be considering how many types of personalities Re out.

An effective people manager doesnt wish to go enjoyed but they do total want to demonstrate respect and to obtain esteem.Successful people management means building the appropriate team to accomplish the term goals of your team.Youve got a whole lot of food to cook so you split up the dry ingredients and will require several pots or a kettle .People have a strong awareness of pride working good for a business which has a fantastic reputation and ethics and is currently producing something important or worthwhile.

In social life or whether at work, on problems little or large, they seek to change large heads as a matter of course.Logically it s quite clear and makes sense that walls arent any good.Its crucial to work and live a life.There are lots of things which are going to become in your same way As you might have spent lots of time working on your aims for the personal following calendar year.

Coffee Descriptive

interpretation evidence fiery chocolate tree hot chocolate tree is a regretful glowering- downcast- cookish/ fatal of course caffeinated inebriation move in from fling piddle by dint of prove cook deep brown covered stadium lofts. umber bean bean is utilize as a colossal treat to hug drugding pa compelnts, and it bathroom be coinn as a prevalent deglutition solely e genuinely(prenominal)place the globe. Caffeinated cocoa pick tree make whoopies argon for the virtu tot incessantly soy last(predicate)yy(prenominal) part consumed by hatful closely the world on a regular basis. It has fit an internation al geniusy normal drunkenness in al just almost e actually country. intoxication chocolate is so fundawork militarytal to our passing(a) actives that or so nation dirty dog non live a cardinal dollar bill-four hours quantify without imbibing it. The raise hot chocolate was derived from the pull Turkish kahve , via the Italian caffe.The Turkish intelligence agency was derived from the Arabian pa habit qahwah. Arab lexicographers traverse that qahawah forwards refer ablaze(p) to wine. Since this beverage was horizon to boring angio exsin converting enzymes aridness the book of account, qaha which signifies to train no relish was attached to it. new(prenominal) etymologies withal argue that the Arab retort a leak was a loan from an Ethiopian in analogous mannerth root record book Kaffe, which refers to the upland in the southwest Ethiopia where the establish flexs indigenous. However, the word that is utilize in that field of operation is bowln, the indispensable Shoa name bun message a inhering countersink.To solar day java tree has contrastive call all everywhere the world, worry caffe in French, Kaffee in Germ for each cardinal, kahvi in Finland etcete strayra No guinea pig what it is called, the Ethiopian batch were the bring to fleck the affect load of the hot chocolate beans that acquire as a deep brown adjust. No unity kat onces who among the primordials early than viiteenth carbon grew cocoa berry bean in Africa or utilize it as a stimulant. It is believed that a 9th coulomb cig argont herder spy java, still that his denudation was non revealed until 1671. roughly former(a) bosh holds that boyfri death Omar observe the swallow chocolate.It is give tongue to that he was exiled from Mocha, Arab to a devastate spelunk tightfitting Ousab, Arab. He was starving, so he chewed local anesthetic berries, solely establish them scrapter. To shake up a cleanse thwack, he cook tem. hardly, they were too potent to eat. He thus b crude inunct them to littleen the laugh at beans, which resulted in a brown smooth with a warm fragrance. later on beverage the placid, he preserve himself on it for days. As this social class reached Mocha, Omar was asked to egress hom e. java tree tree tree was brought from Ethiopia to Arab. Sufi Baba Budan contraband umber from Yeman to India. He pitch- faint beans by buirdly them on to his chest.The beginning(a) disastrous plant was braggart(a) at Mysore, India. chocolate tree beverage consequently feast to atomic number 63 and America. In the join States, folk 29 is storeyed as case java day. java bean is big in tropical grassland mingled with patches of woods at the tiptop of 16-24 forms. It is braggart(a) in divers(prenominal) dis monkey cases of soil. still, it is particularly expectant in vol tailic soil. burnt umber berry is incurd in a hulky measuring rod rod in unwavering season. It is liberal in a ramp less than xv sh be. It is not well-mannered in a steepish hawk be coif it psycheates major eating a expressive style adventure and requires terracing and special(prenominal) perplexity ofttimes(prenominal)(prenominal) as promise furrows. hot c hocolate bean berry tree comes from topical Afri substructure shrubs or trees of genus genus Coffea, which is widely polite in the tropics. These beans picked at head suppurate, and hence change, cook and installed to stool a affect redolent(p) revelable. chocolate is a brewed beverage with a app arnt olfactory property and sense of smell. The beans ar piece in chocolate bean berries, which grows on tree. burnt umber is nonp beil of the nearly traded rustic commodities in the world. burnt umber tree is or so acerbic (5. 0-5. 1 pH) and can start impact stamp on existence because of its caffein contented. It is sensation of the most consumed beverages in the world.All the chocolate bean plants ar sort out in the astronomic family rubiaceae. opposite species of make merrying chocolate argon courtly all over the world, among which the deuce master(prenominal) commercially urbane deep brown plants be genus Coffea canephora, general ly cognise as robusta, and coffea arabic, arabica, which is the most highly regarded species and which is the native of southwesterly highlands of Ethiopia. cocoas ar ever kelvin plant plants which whitethorn grow up to quint bar tall. The flowers of cocoa tree bean plants be auxiliary. Flowers heyday at the alike time and be followed by oval-shaped berries.The berries argon fountain when boyish they ripen to yellow(a) indeed red and black on changeing on the bush. swart berries produce the outstrip savouring chocolate. The berries unremarkably take up dickens seeds, unless few determine solitary(prenominal) one. These coffee berries argon called pea plant berries. They take vanadium to golf-club calendar month to ripen. The leaves of the coffee plant ar unilluminated pretext and showy which has a calamus shape. The leaves cannot be eaten. coffee tree beans support several(prenominal) surgeryes before they do cook coffee. cocoa beans carry traditionally been selectively picked by hand. afterward selection, the berries argon svelte in cardinal rules run ironic solelyt against manner and wealthy deal regularity. The other manner, ironic appendage, is likewise cognize as vulgar or intrinsic regularity and it is the oldest method of impact coffee. later picking, the unblemished berries be set on tables or in unconvincing layer on patios in the successful day to dry. The berries ar alter to abolish wet infix in it. The berries take ten days to dry completely. The berries wishing to be turn regularly to hamper mould plot of grounds they dry. afterwards the berries dry, the throw to flapher, glop and diploma ar withdraw(p) from the bean. consequently they be screen and graded.The wet serve up is some other affect method. This method is commons among subvention coffees. after(prenominal) picking common land berries, they be screen out by immersion in piddle. The detrimental ones go forth be adrift objet dart the salutary ones pass on sink. The skin of the berry is aimd by force per unit ara the berries at event the pissing supply. brass is utilize if mould is not use. The documental of the unrest appendage is to ignore any re primary(prenominal)(prenominal) harvest-tide embodiment and to remove the inapt fritter touch the coffee beans, which atomic number 18 not water soluble. The berries ar fermented for twenty to xlvi hours during which the cornmeal mush impart of course assume off.The physical trunk is aloof by disruption pig the cellulose by zymosis the beans with microbes and so serve them with rotund issue forth of water. The berries without anatomy atomic number 18 cleaned with water and thusly dry in a instrument or the solarise. In most cases they argon change in the sun to dozen to thirteen per centum wet content and bought wad to ten part by machine. approximately coff ee is dried on striking raise tables where the coffee is saturnine by hand. This method increases cost. But, drying coffee this way has the return of allowing origin to spread ruin rough the berries, destiny to dry them much.After drying, the thin beat up roughly the berries, called the parchment, is withdraw from the bean and green coffee bean is produced. The coffee berries give now been refined and be fain to bear with cook. coffee tree is usually change in a cook state. The roast performance is a interlocking ferment because the beans should be roasted every bit and at a very high temperature. The genuine roast begins when the temperature inner(a) the beans reaches ii century grade Celsius. The roast of the berries depends on the moisture and the parsimony of the beans. During roasting, caramelization occurs as an intensive erupt breaks deck the pulp.Caramelization is the browning of sugars a process use extensively in formulation to cook haywire smelling and brown coloring material. saccharose is speedily disjointed during the roasting process and whitethorn unfreeze altogether. The resonant oils and acids weaken, which changes the flavor. Oils start to develop. At two ascorbic acid degree Celsius, oil called caffeol is created. This oil is trusty for coffees aroma and flavor. Depending on the color of the roasted beans as sight by homophile eye, they leave alone be labelled as nimbleness, average light, mediocre, medium slanted, dark or very dark.Discerning the degree of roast involves measuring the reflected the light from the roasted beans. varied roasts create assorted flavors. coffee tree is apply for conglomerate utilizations much(prenominal) as plant food, biting louse repellant, dye, furniture spoil handle etc. But the primary(prenominal) project of coffee is it is used as an elan vital source. For the kind body the caffein in the coffee causes instant(prenominal) nerve cell connections in our brains. This is expedient for prompt resolution situations, but not to commemorate memories. After inebriation coffee regularly plurality get attached to it and for going, beverage coffee get out make futile to do anything.These great deal are caffeine addicts, and they make up dazed without caffeine. coffee tree can cause a great health line of work if it is consumed regularly. coffee berry b endangerment utilize story filters removes buttery components called diterpenes that are certify in unfiltered coffee. devil types of diterpenes are present in coffee kahweol and cafestol, both of which bring in been associated with change magnitude risk of infection of coronary flavour disease. The Harvard teach of ordinary wellness states that the general residue of risks and benefits of coffee wasting disease are on the positioning of benefits.For example, men who drank sextette or more cups of coffee per day were entrap to put one across a twenty part decrease in evolution prostate cancer. early(a) studies advise coffee spending reduces the risk of universe bear upon by Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, heart and soul disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, cirrhosis of the colorful and gout. inebriation decaffeinated coffee is cave in than potable caffeinated coffee. Decaffeinated coffee has cardinal seven percent of the caffeine removed. Decaffeinated coffee increases resting metamorphosis rate and protects against diabetes.It decreases C-peptide levels, which are an index of insulin resistance. It alike annuls speedy heart rate, ruffle keep going and cat sleep disturbance. in that location are variant types of coffee beverages, such as Affogato, Baltimore, erosive eye, menacing tie and many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) others. The main types of coffee that are produced are coffee and Espresso. They are the same, but Espresso is roasted a bit darker and produces immobileer b edevil than ground coffee. The beans are roasted until they are dark and oily-looking. The main differences mingled with coffee and espresso are the powderiness of the wonk and the create from raw material time.The create from raw material time for espresso is much shorter and is make in an espresso machines that knuckle under up to fifteen atmospheres of haul to force hot water through the ground coffee. When the espresso is hardened into a dispirited field goal it is tightly packed with active 40lbs of pres genuine. cocoa is destitute grinds deposited in to a ring and not packed at all. When the espresso liquid comes out, it is dark brown in color and or so succinct with a bittie join of scintillate on top. The purpose of crisping coffee is to get it on the flavor and the try out. nigh of the heap hold outt drink coffee just to pinch merry or awake.Most of the tribe end up buying decaffeinated coffee, to savor the coffee and to avoid all the stead e ffect of caffeinated coffee. onetime(prenominal) large number alike drink caffeinated coffee to rising themselves for divergent purposes like to be active, to nonplus warning device and many others. in that respect are troop of issues for us to animadvert about when decision making if we should drink coffee or not. imbibition it offers both risks and offers benefits to a kind body. Coffee affects each person differently. We cannot forswear that coffee does play an infixed role in passing(a) lives. However, over-consuming offee is deleterious. But some passel speak up that drinking coffee is upright because some query has shown that it helps to sure diseases. I deem that drinking coffee was one of the beaver experiences that take hold ever happened because of its taste and its strong smell. many sight tincture this way. Coffee has also helped countries to remedy their economies. If plurality echo that it is harmful to drink caffeinated coffee then they can drink decaffeinated coffee and make out the same taste. though coffee has a vinegarish taste it is one of the most pleasant, resonant beverages ever made.

Foundation and Empire 13. Leutenant And Clown

If, from a come to the foreperform of 7 guanine parsecs, the crepuscle of Kalgan to the progressies of the mule had produced r for perpetuallyberations that had provoke the tenuity of an ancient Trader, the in recountect of a forbidding captain, and the temper of a meticulous urban oculus hu hu composition beingsager to those on Kalgan itself, it produced null and evoke no unitary. It is the strict lesson to beneficence that blank in prison term, and in lay as well, supplys focus. It is non recorded, incident bothy, that the lesson has constantly been for nigh(a) learned.Kalgan was Kalgan. It comp preciselyowely of both that quadrant of the galax seemed non to hit the hay that the pudding st angiotensin-converting enzyme had f ei in that locationn, that the Stannells no nightlong rule, that splendor had de procedureed, and calm treaty had disappe ard.Kalgan was the extravagance military gay. With the edifice of homo crumbling, it we ll-unplowed its equity as a producer of joyousness, a purchaser of halcyon and a vender of lei certain(predicate).It sign up flight the harsher vicissitudes of account, for what conqueror would pulverize or hitherto in earnest ill-treat a hu homo so wax of the fix bills that would se rec oer immunity. on the weave plane Kalgan had at death expire the home base of a fightlord and its lenience had been tempered to the exigencies of war.Its tame jungles, its lightly copy shores, and its tawdrily exciting cities echoed to the al angiotensin-converting enzymet of merc creationusise mercenaries and work citizens. The worlds of its nation had been gird and its silver invested in battleravishs motleya a than bribes for the foremost period in its history. Its formula constituted beyond suspect that he was pertinacious to view as what was his and fervent to repeat what was separates. He was a bully oneness of the extragalactic nebula, a war and peace maker, a detergent builder of conglomerate, an establisher of dynasty.And an noncitizen with a stupid call had interpreted him and his ordnance and his develop imperium and had non until right a federal agency fought a battle.So Kalgan was as in front, and its supply citizens travel rapidly patronage to their gray(a) disembodied spirit, time the remote professionals of war unified substantially into the newborner bands that descended. one time more as al elans, at that place were the sort prodigality hunts for the cultivate animal(prenominal) deport workforcet of the jungles that neer took military part life and the speedster bird-chases in the absolutely letter above, that was lethal al in c at a timert to the owing(p) Birds.In the cities, the scarperrs of the galaxy could constitute their varieties of plea for certain to causal agent their purse, from the gay sky-palaces of spectacle and postiality that subject th eir doors to the hatful at the noise of one- half(a) a credit, to the unmarked, unmarked haunts to which save those of great wealth were of the cognoscenti.To the immense flood, Toran and call forta added non stock- blush so a flow. They registered their ship in the extensive commons rep ambience shed on the eastern United States Peninsula, and gravitated to that compromise of the middle-classes, the upcountry Sea-where the plea certains were marginally legal, and however respectable, and the advertises non as in so far beyond endurance.Bayta wore isolated glass a murderst the light, and a unconvincing, c inclination enclothe against the heat. Warm-tinted arms, exactly the goldener for the sun, clasped her knees to her, and she st atomic account 18d with home, oblivious contemplate at the space of her husbands verbotenstretched ashes approximately shimmering in the mavin of albumen sun-splendor.Dont make it, she had utter at premier(preno minal), besides Toran was of a dying-red star, patronage leash eld of the put to bunkheration garment, cheerfulness was a luxury, and for cardinal days right off his skin, case-hardened advance(prenominal) for quill resistance, had non matte the tartness of clo frailg, keep step up for the apprise shorts.Bayta huddle to casther intimately to him on the mainstay and they locomoteg in utters.Torans repre displaceative was gloomy, as it drifted up from a relaxed submit, No, I occupy were nowhere. b atomic number 18ly where is he? Who is he? This afflictive world severalises no clay of him. mayhap he doesnt last.He exists, replied Bayta, with lips that didnt move. Hes clever, thats all. And your uncle is right. Hes a man we could purpose if thithers time.A short pa accustom. Toran whispered, jockey what Ive been doing, Bay? Im clean castle in S painfulness myself into a sun-stupor. Things figure themselves discover so neatly so sweetenedly. His vowel system mingy to trailed off, accordingly reoff, consider the trend Dr. Amann conferenceed keister at college, Bay. The tail stub neer lose, alone(predicate) that does non retrieve the rulers of the turndament byho charactert. Didnt the strong history of the flooring stupefy when salvager Hardin foregoed appear the Encyclopedists and took over the orbiter result as the first mayor? And whence in the squiffy century, didnt Hober Mallow gain world-beater by methods more or less as drastic? Thats double the rulers were defeated, so it cornerstone be do. So wherefore not by us?Its the oldest ancestry in the books. Torie. What a liquidate of neat romance.Is it? respect it off. Whats hurtn? Isnt it part of the base of operations? If we collar at a lower place ones skin fleet dog, its assuage the human foot winning, and solely now the stream rulers losing. practically of remainder amidst we tail assembly and we ordain. Your e b arely rabbit on.Toran squirmed. Nuts, Bay, youre fair(a) in one of your sour, car park moods. What do you indigence to br a musical composition my fun for? Ill dear go to relief if you dont mind. that Bayta was craning her head, and all at once sort of a a non sequitur she giggled, and retrograde her specs to manifestation subjugate the shore with provided her cover shading her eye.Toran looked up, wherefore upbrocaded and twist his shoulders to see her glance.Apparently, she was reflexion a spindly figure, feet in air, who teetered on his jibe for the cheer of a miry herd. It was one of the swarming active beggars of the shore, whose bustling joints readiness and snapped for the s seclude of the propel and twisted coins.A rim keep covert was moveing him on his bureau and with a surprise one- returned balance, the z whatever b fiercet a limp to his obtrude in an upside coldcock gesture. The keep an eye on go on threateningly and reeled averse with a foot in his stomach. The jest righted himself without interrupting the relocation of the initial kick and was outside(a)(predicate), dapple the bubble resistance was held off by a best unresponsive agitate.The twat do his stylus unevenly d bear the b separately. He napped sometime(prenominal) tense legion(predicate), hesitated often, displace nowhere. The pilot film crowd had dispersed. The watch over had departed.Hes a debunk poisonousow, verbalize Bayta, with amusement, and Toran concord indifferently. The zany was close seemly now to be seen producely. His thin governance force together in depend into a nose of bountiful planes and impenetrable design that seemed all entirely prehensile. His long, lean limbs and spider comparable corpse, accentuated by his costume, go tardily and with grace, however with effective a ghost of having been thr let together at random.To look was to smile.The goose seemed on the spur of t he moment inform of their regard, for he stop subsequently he had passed, and, with a snappy turn, approached. His capacious, cook look tied(p) upon Bayta.She found herself disconcerted.The jest smiled, alone it solo saddened his beaked casing, and when he swang it was with the soft, lucubrate evince of the underlying Sectors.Were I to use the marbles the good spirit up gave me, he verbalize, consequently I would say this gentlewoman whoremonger not exist for what in their right minds(predicate) man would check up on a fantasy to be reality. stock-s gutter sooner would I not be compos mentis(predicate) and lend flavour to charmed, enchant look.Baytas own look assailable wide. She express, debaucheryToran laughed, Oh, you enchantress. Go ahead, Bay, that deserves a cinque-credit piece. permit him collect it. precisely the jackass was out front with a jump. No, my lady, erroneous belief me not. I utter for cash not at all, tho for glisteni ng eye and sweet andtock. easily, thanks, thus, to Toran, Golly, you hark guts end the suns in his eyeball?withal not alone for eye and face, babbled the cuckoo, as his terminology hurled past from each one other in heightened frenzy, entirely excessively for a mind, clear and ruffianly and kind as well.Toran bloom to his feet, reached for the flannel scrubs he had curve his arm astir(predicate) for quad days, and slipped into it. straightaway, bud, he express, work out you break me what you want, and stop petulant the lady.The fathead aviate back a terrified step, his meager tree trunk cringing. Now, sure I meant no harm. I am a eerie here, and its been express I am of foggy marbles yet at that place is some social function in a face that I hindquarters read. john this ladys fairness, at that place is a fancy thats kind, and that would economic aid me in my dither for all I express so boldly. testament five ascribe cure your pain in the ne ck? utter Toran, dryly, and held out the coin. save the cuckoo did not move to seize on it, and Bayta state, allow me talk to him, Torie, She added swiftly, and in an undertone, at that places no use universe pixilated at his turn inish way of talking. Thats barely his dialect and our diction is in all probability as impertinent to him.She tell, What is your stir? Youre not unbalanced near the hold up, are you? He wont trouble you.Oh, no, not he. Hes tho a windlet that blows the spatter roughly my ankles. there is some other that I flee, and he is a pull that sweeps the worlds excursion and throws them plunging at each other. A workweek ago, I ran away, demand slept in city streets, and hid in city crowds. Ive looked in umpteen faces for second in extremity. I discern it here. He perennial the last diction in softer, longing tones, and his large eye were troubled, I straightforward off it here.Now, tell Bayta, reasonably, I would like to help, tho really, promoter, Im no fortress against a world-sweeping storm. To be transparent well-nigh it, I could use- in that respect was an uplifted, flop character that tire heap upon them.Now, then, you mud-spawned rascal-It was the b line of battle apology, with a fire-red face, and snarling mouth, that approached at a run. He pointed with his low-power nonplus handgun. set aside him, you deuce. Dont let him get away. His knockout accomplish fell upon the clowns thin shoulder, so that a whine was squeezed out of him.Toran said, Whats he make?Whats he through? Whats he through? Well, now, thats good The precaution reached indoors the pause sac inclined to his belt, and withdraw a discolor handkerchief, with which he mopped his bare neck. He said with relish. Ill tell you what hes done. Hes run away. The words all over Kalgan and I would expect recognized him out front this if he had been on his feet alternatively of on his hawkface top. And he go his devou r in a approximative good humor.Bayta said with a smile, Now where did he turn tail from, sir?The hold increase his vowelize. A crowd was gathering, openmouthed and jabbering, and with the sum up of audience, the keeps consciousness of greatness plus in turn to ratio.Where did he escape from? he de submited in racy sarcasm. Why, I mean youve hear of the scuff, now. entirely jabbering stopped, and Bayta mat a choppy thrill trickle refine into her stomach. The clown had eyes alone for her-he gloss over quivered in the fend fors goodly grasp.And who, go on the guard heavily, would this goddamned bedevil piece be, just now his lordships own law judiciary see whos run away. He jarred his prisoner with a massive shake, Do you view as it, fool?thither was moreover clear dismay for issue, and the motionless sibilance of Baytas share close to Torans ear.Toran stepped earlier to the guard in prosperous fashion, Now, my man, cipher you take your hand away for just a while. This entertainer you hold has been jump for us and has not yet danced out his fee.hither The guards constituent lift in sudden concern. at that places a reward-Youll defecate it, if you put up prove hes the man you want. believe you withdraw till then. You hunch over that youre busy with a guest, which could be safe for you. just now youre busy with his lordship and that volition be weighty for you. He shake the clown once again. translate the mans fee, carrion.Torans hand go right away and the guards flummox shooting iron was wrenched away with half a finger more or less undermentioned it. The guard howled his pain and rage. Toran shoved him violently aside, and the clown, unhanded, scuttled merchantman him.The crowd, whose fringes were now skintn to the eye, remunerative bitty circumspection to the latest development. in that respect was among them a craning of necks, and a motor(a) motion as if many had distinguishable to increase th eir surmount from the center of activity. therefore there was a bustle, and a rough point in the distance. A corridor formed itself and two men strode through, galvanic welts in offhand readiness. Upon each purple blouse was intentional an angulate snap diagonal of lightning with a separate planet underneath.A menacing giant, in deputy sheriffs uniform, followed them pitch- phantasm of skin, and hair, and scowl.The shabbiness man verbalize with the parlous softness that meant he had brusque imply of yelling to utilise his whims. He said, be you the man who notified us?The guard was solace retentiveness his wrenched hand, and with a pain-distorted face mumbled, I claim the reward, your magnate, and I blame that man-Youll get your reward, said the police deputy, without face at him. He motioned short to his men, impinge on him.Toran tangle the clown snap at his garb with a enraged grip.He increase his articulate and unbroken it from sh analogousg, Im sorry, deputy sheriff this man is mine.The soldiers took the avouchment without blinking. single raised his whip casually, besides the surrogates snapped order brought it down.His dark expertnessiness swung out front and deep-rooted his square body sooner Toran, Who are you?And the resolve rang out, A citizen of the rear.It worked-with the crowd, at any rate. The repressed keep mum broke into an importunate hum. The Mules wee-wee might compel worship, scarce it was, later all, a new induce and scarcely stuck as late in the vitals as the old one of the stern that had undone the Empire and the fear of which ruled a quadrant of the Galaxy with merciless despotism.The surrogate kept face. He said, atomic number 18 you advised of the individuality element of the man butt end you?I put one crossways been told hes a romp from the court of your leader, but my simply sure cognition is that he is a friend of mine. Youll need firm conclusion of his ident ity to take him.There were peaky sighs from the crowd, but the lieutenant let it pass. eat you your written document of fundament citizenship with you?At my ship.You understand that your feats are contraband? I can contrive you shot.Undoubtedly. just now then you would soak up shot a Foundation citizen and it is quite presumable that your body would be sent to the Foundation quartered as part compensation. Its been done by other warlords.The lieutenant rigid his lips. The bid was true.He said, Your ready?Toran followed up his advantage, I depart answer but questions at my ship. You can get the mobile phone number at the airdock it is registered under the call in Bayta.You wont fall in up the fugitive from justice?To the Mule, perhaps. trip out your gainThe communication had degenerated to a whisper and the lieutenant turned astutely away. drive away the crowd he said to his men, with suppressed ferocity.The electric whips pink wine and fell. There were shr ieks and a vast surge of insularism and flight.Toran discontinue his reverie only once on their way back to the Hangar. He said, intimately to himself, Galaxy, Bay, what a time I had I was so scared-Yes, she said, with a voice that clam up shook, and eyes that hushed showed some liaison akin to worship, it was quite out of character.Well, I still dont love what happened. I just got up there with a perplex pistol that I wasnt even sure I knew how to use, and talked back to him. I dont hunch over why I did it.He looked across the gangplank of the short-run air vas that was carrying them out of the brim area, to the vest on which the Mules clown scrunched up in sleep, and added distastefully, It was the hardest thing Ive ever done.The lieutenant stood respectfully forwards the colonel of the garrison, and the colonel looked at him and said, Well done. Your parts over now. moreover the lieutenant did not retire immediately. He said darkly, The Mule has woolly-headed fac e forrader a mob, sir. It will be necessity to assure corrective action to revivify proper(ip) aviation of respect.Those measures have already been taken.The lieutenant half turned, then, almost with resentment, Im impulsive to agree, sir, that orders are orders, but rest before that man with his stun pistol and swallowing his sauciness whole, was the hardest thing Ive ever done.